5/9/2018 11:16:00 AM
法律翻譯告訴你法庭上的假發問題
看政法類或懸疑類影視劇時，遇到法庭的鏡頭時，里面的人物總會戴一頂假發，你知道問什么嗎？看看法律翻譯們怎么說。
In England wigs remain an important part of formal courtroom attire for judges and barristers — the term there for lawyers.
在英國，假發一直是法官和出庭律師法庭制服的重要組成。
Many of the judges and barristers who wear wigs in court say the headpiece — also known as a peruke — brings a sense of formality and solemnity to proceedings.
許多法官和出庭律師表示，戴上這種假發會給訴訟程序增加莊嚴肅穆的儀式感。
Barristers must wear a wig slightly frizzed at the crown, with horizontal curls on the sides and back. In addition, there are two long strips of hair that hang down below the hairline on the neck and sport a looped curl at each end. Different types of lawyers, though, have distinctions in the style of wig.
出庭律師佩戴的假發樣式必須是頭頂后部稍卷，兩側和后腦帶有水平卷曲。此外，脖子發際線下還要垂下兩縷長長的頭發，每縷末端也有一個環形卷曲。不同類型的律師，佩戴的假發風格也有所不同。
A judge's wig is similar, but more ornate. It's a full wig, from a slightly frizzed top that transitions into tight horizontal curls that range several inches below the shoulders.
法官的假發樣式和律師的差不多，但更為華麗，是一頂全頭套假發，頂部微卷，向下逐漸變為濃密的水平卷曲，長度在肩膀以下幾英寸。
Wigs may have fallen out of general men's fashion over the centuries, but when wigs first made their appearance in a courtroom, they were part and parcel of being a well-dressed professional.
在過去的幾個世紀里，假發已經從普通男士時尚中消失了。但當假發第一次出現在法庭上時，它是專業人士的得體穿著中必不可少的一部分。
In the 17th century, only the elite wore powdered wigs made of horsehair. Those who couldn't afford the elite garb but wanted to look the part wore wigs made of hair from goats, spooled cotton or human corpses.
在17世紀，只有社會精英才能佩戴馬毛制成的撲粉假發。而那些買不起又想要充樣子的人，只能戴山羊毛、棉花或死人毛發制成的假發。
Over time, wigs fell out of fashion with society as a whole. During the reign of England's King George III, from 1760 to 1820, wigs were worn by only a few — namely bishops, coachmen and those in the legal profession. And bishops were permitted to stop wearing them in the 1830s. But the courts kept wigs for hundreds of years more.
隨著時間的推移，假發不再流行于整個社會。1760-1820年，英國國王喬治三世在位期間，只有少數的主教、馬車夫和法律界人士佩戴假發。到19世紀30年代，主教獲準停止佩戴假發。而法庭則將這項傳統保留了數百年。
In 2007, though, new dress rules did away with barrister wigs — for the most part. Wigs were no longer required during family or civil court appearances, or when appearing before the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Wigs, however, remain in use in criminal cases.
2007年的新著裝規定基本免去了出庭律師的假發，當律師在家事法庭、民事法庭或英國最高法院出庭時，不需要再佩戴假發。但在刑事案件中，需佩戴假發。
In the U.K. and Ireland, judges continued to wear wigs until 2011, when the practice was discontinued. In England, and other former English and British colonies — like Canada, for instance, whose provinces abandoned the wigs throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, or Jamaica which removed the wigs in 2013 — lawyers and judges now only wear wigs for ceremonies.
在英國和愛爾蘭，直到2011年法官佩戴假發的規定才取消。在英格蘭和其他英國的前殖民地，律師和法官只需在參加儀式時佩戴假發。例如，加拿大在19和20世紀就遺棄了這一傳統，而牙買加在2013年也取消了該規定。