2018/9/17 17:48:00
樂文翻譯挖掘嚴復翻譯思想的現代價值
作為中國近代啟蒙思想家、翻譯家，嚴復研究一直是史學的傳統研究領域。近年來，隨著《嚴復變譯思想考》等新著的出版，嚴復翻譯思想的內涵、嚴復翻譯思想與其思想體系的關系等問題，再度引起了學界的關注。
As a modern enlightenment thinker and translator in China, Yan Fu research has always been the traditional research field of history. In recent years, with the "Yan Fu thought" and translation book publishing, the connotation of Yan Fus translation thought, Yan Fu translation thought and ideological system relations and other issues, once again attracted academic attention.
首倡“信、達、雅”三原則
Initiated "Xin da ya" three principles
福建師范大學教授汪征魯表示，嚴復翻譯思想的核心是他在《〈天演論〉譯例言》中提出的“信、達、雅”三原則。信，即譯文要符合原著內容；達，即在原著母語內容的基礎上，用第二種語言將文意達旨、通順地表達出來；雅，即文字要規范、優雅。這一原則貌似簡單，但要實踐操作并非易事。汪征魯表示，“信、達、雅”原則，直到今天仍為大部分翻譯工作者、翻譯理論家所遵循與首肯，這足以印證嚴復當年的真知灼見。
Fujian Normal University professor Wang Zhenglu said, his translation thought is the core of his "tianyanlun" translation "cases presented in" Xindaya "three principles. The letter, that translation should conform to the original content; as, based on the content in the original language, second languages for the purpose and the meaning expressed smoothly; the words must be standardized, elegant, elegant. This principle seems simple, but it is not easy to practice. Wang Zhenglu said that the principles of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" are still followed and approved by most translators and translation theorists today. This is enough to confirm Yan Fus insights in those years.
翻譯思想是嚴復整個思想體系的有機組成部分。閩江學院人文與傳播學院院長薛菁表示，“信、達、雅”翻譯原則及其翻譯方法，是嚴復翻譯思想的靈魂，更是嚴復表達個人主張的重要手段。從“警世”、“救世”、啟迪民智的目的出發，嚴復借助其特有的翻譯技術，精選慎擇地將西方國家賴以富強的學術名著譯述介紹到中國來。自1898年嚴復譯著的赫胥黎《天演論》正式出版發行，之后的十余年間，嚴復致力于翻譯西方資產階級國家學者的著作，其范圍涵蓋了政治學、經濟學、社會學、法學、邏輯學等學科。這些譯著構建起了嚴復思想體系的基礎。總體說來，嚴復翻譯思想與其思想體系的構建是糅合在一起的。
Translation thought is an integral part of Yan Fus whole ideological system. Xue Jing, Dean of the school of Humanities and communication at Minjiang University）, said that the translation principles and translation methods of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" are the soul of Yan Fus translation thought, and also an important means for Yan Fu to express his personal views. From the "warning", "salvation", the purpose of enlightening the people, with its unique Yan Fus translation technology, selection of carefully selected to introduce his academic masterpiece in western countries for prosperity to Chinese to. Since 1898, Yan Fu Huxleys translation of "evolution and ethics" officially published, after ten years, Yan Fu is committed to the translation of western bourgeois scholars, which covers politics, economics, sociology, law, logic and other subjects. These translations built based his thought system. Generally speaking, Yan Fus translation thoughts are blended with the construction of his ideological system.
嚴復的許多譯著具有開創性意義，特別是促成了邏輯學等學科在中國本土的生根發芽。江蘇省社會科學院研究員皮后鋒表示，嚴復認為國家間的經濟競爭比軍事競爭更常見、更持久，因而他對經濟學給予了異乎尋常的關注，苦心尋求富國裕民的濟世方略。針對當時中國重義輕利、重農抑商、度量衡混亂等弊端，他翻譯出版了《原富》，以期能夠發揮作用、匡正謬誤。此外，嚴復認為，邏輯學是規范思想語言的法律與格物窮理的基本方法，是學術繁榮發展的關鍵所在，因此翻譯了《穆勒名學》《名學淺說》等邏輯學著作，并首創名學會，自任會長，系統宣講名學，激發了中國知識界學習運用邏輯學，從事邏輯研究的熱潮。概而觀之，嚴譯取材廣泛，切合時代需求，在翻譯方法上也獨出心裁，形成了獨具特色的“嚴譯名著”，為后世留下寶貴的精神財富。
Many of Yan Fus groundbreaking translations, especially to logic and other subjects in the local China rooting germination. Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences researcher Pi Houfeng said, Yan Fu believes that the economic competition between countries is more common than military competition, more durable, so he gave the unusual attention to economics, seek the strategy to enrich the state and the people painstakingly. Aiming at the drawbacks of China was light, restraining commerce, weights and measures such as confusion, he translated and published the "wealth", in order to be able to play a role in correcting error. In addition, Yan Fu believes that the logic is the basic method of law and make a thorough inquiry specification language of thought, is the key to academic prosperity and development, so the translation of the name "Muller" "science" of such logic works, and the first name of society, since the president system, preaching name study, inspired China intellectual learning to use in logic, logic research upsurge. Takes the view, translated materials widely, meet the needs of the times, in the translation methods but also create new styles, formed a unique "translated masterpiece", left a valuable spiritual wealth for future generations.
主張中西文化的全面交流與融合
Advocate the overall exchange and integration of Chinese and Western cultures
在新的歷史條件下，研究者應該把嚴復思想放在中國近代思潮演化的坐標上、置于中國傳統社會現代化轉型的歷史實踐中加以考察，并與同時代的其他思想家進行比較，從而準確認識其歷史地位。
In the new historical conditions, the researchers should have examined the historical practice of Yan Fu thought on the evolution in China coordinates on the Chinese, in the modern thought of traditional social modernization, and compared with other philosophers, so as to accurately understand its historical status.
薛菁表示，嚴復思想的精要表現為，以自然科學為本的思想，以進化論為核心的歷史觀，以數理邏輯為核心的方法論，以“自由為體，民主為用”的核心價值體系，以“三民論”為核心的救國方略。這些思想主張構成了中國傳統社會的現代化轉型思想理論基礎的重要組成部分，而這些思想的社會實踐即為后來發生的五四運動、新文化運動等。五四運動倡導的科學、民主，與嚴復提倡的科學、民主，是一脈相承、同質同源的。直至今日，嚴復的這些思想仍深具現代價值。
Xue Jing said that the essence of Yan Fu thought for the performance, with the natural science oriented thoughts, historical view with the theory of evolution as the core of the method in mathematical logic as the core theory, with "freedom for the body, democracy is the core value system", the "Three Theory" as the core of the national strategy. These ideas constitute an important component of the ideological and theoretical foundation of the modernization of Chinas traditional society, and the social practice of these thoughts is the 54 Movement and new culture movement that happened later. 54, science and democracy advocated by the movement are in line with the science and democracy advocated by Yan Fu and are of the same origin. To this day, Yan Fus ideas are still of modern value.
作為與嚴復齊名的啟蒙思想家，梁啟超在中國近代社會思潮演變中同樣影響巨大，比較二者有助于加深對中國近代思想家以及社會思潮發展規律的認識。汪征魯表示，二人畢生雖都致力于中西文化的融合與發展，但所走學術文化道路有所不同。嚴復進入西學的路徑是英文、自然科學，一開始就主張學習西學的“體、用”；梁啟超進入西學的路徑是中文、今文經學和西方人文學科，一開始主張的是“中學為主，西學為輔”。然而二人殊途同歸，均主張中學基礎上的中西文化的全面交流與融合。他們的思想變化，分別呈現出了一個動態演進過程，其對待中西學術文化的態度也存在明顯不同。
As a famous enlightenment thinker and Yan, Liang Qichao in the modern social thoughts Chinese evolution also a huge impact, compared with the two will help to deepen our understanding of Chinese modern thinkers and social thoughts development law. Wang Zhenglu said that although two people devoted all their lives to the integration and development of Chinese and Western cultures, they took different ways of academic culture. The path is English, Yan Fu entered the Western Natural Science, China should learn the beginning of "the body"; Liang Qichao is Chinese path into the western culture, Confucianism and western humanities, to advocate is "school based, supplemented by Western culture". However, the same two people, comprehensive exchanges are advocated on the basis of middle school Chinese and Western culture and fusion. Their ideological changes show a dynamic evolution process, and their attitude towards Chinese and western academic culture is also quite different.
——選自：樂文翻譯
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